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The history of anime began at the start of the 20th century. The first generation of animators in the late 1910s included Ōten Shimokawa, Jun'ichi Kōuchi and Seitaro Kitayama, referred to as the "fathers" of anime. During World War II, propaganda films such as ''Momotarō no Umiwashi'' (1943) and ''Momotarō: Umi no Shinpei'' (1945) were made, the latter being the first anime feature film. During the 1970s, anime developed further, separating itself from its Western roots, and developing distinct genres such as mecha and its Super Robot subgenre. Typical shows from this period include ''Lupin III'' and ''Mazinger Z''. During this period several filmmakers became famous, especially Hayao Miyazaki and Mamoru Oshii. In the 1980s, anime was accepted in the mainstream in Japan, and experienced a boom in production. The rise of ''Gundam'', ''Macross'', ''Dragon Ball'', and the Real Robot, space opera and cyberpunk genres set a boom as well. The film ''Akira'' set records in 1988 for the production costs of an anime film and went on to become a success worldwide. Later, in 2004, the same creators produced ''Steamboy'', which took over as the most expensive anime film. ''Space Battleship Yamato'' and ''The Super Dimension Fortress Macross'' also achieved worldwide success after being adapted respectively as ''Star Blazers'' and ''Robotech''. The internet also led to the rise of fansub anime. ''Spirited Away'' shared the first prize at the 2002 Berlin Film Festival and won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, while ''Innocence: Ghost in the Shell'' was featured at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival. ==First generation== Few complete animations made during the beginnings of Japanese animation have survived. The reasons vary, but many are of commercial nature. After the clips had their run, reels (being property of the cinemas) were sold to smaller cinemas in the country and then disassembled and sold as strips or single frames. A 3-second film loop tentatively titled ''Katsudō Shashin'' (活動写真, ''Moving Picture'') was likely produced between 1907 and 1911 and discovered in Kyoto in July 2005. It consists of fifty frames stencilled directly onto a strip of celluloid〔(【引用サイトリンク】 China People's Daily Online (Japanese Edition): 日本最古？明治時代のアニメフィルム、京都で発 )〕 depicting a young boy in a sailor suit who writes the kanji "活動写真", turns, removes his hat, and offers a salute. The creator's identity is unknown, and it was made for private viewing rather than public release. Ōten Shimokawa was a political caricaturist and cartoonist who worked for the magazine ''Tokyo Puck''. He was hired by Tenkatsu to do an animation for them. Due to medical reasons, he was only able to do five movies, including ''Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki'' (1917), before he returned to his previous work as a cartoonist. Another prominent animator in this period was Jun'ichi Kōuchi. He was a caricaturist and painter, who also had studied watercolor painting. In 1912, he also entered the cartoonist sector and was hired for an animation by Kobayashi Shokai later in 1916. He is viewed as the most technically advanced Japanese animator of the 1910s. His works include around 15 movies. Seitaro Kitayama was an early animator who made animations on his own, not hired by larger corporations. He even founded his own animation studio, the Kitayama Eiga Seisakujo, which was later closed due to lack of commercial success. He utilized the chalkboard technique, and later paper animation, with and without pre-printed backgrounds. The works of these two pioneers include ''Namakura Gatana'' (''An Obtuse Sword'', 1917) and a 1918 film ''Urashima Tarō'' which were discovered together at an antique market in 2007.〔(Earliest Anime found )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of anime」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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